PARIS—Virgil Abloh, the U.S. designer who championed streetwear and hip-hop culture in luxury fashion as one of the industry’s most prominent Black executives, died on Sunday, according to a post on his Instagram account. He was 41 years old.

The cause was cardiac angiosarcoma, a rare and aggressive cancer. Mr. Abloh was diagnosed more than two years ago, the post said, but didn’t disclose his disease to the public.